Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Chronic Valvular Heart Disease     

C. Atkins  J. Bonagura  S. Ettinger  P. Fox  S. Gordon  J. Haggstrom  R. Hamlin  B. Keene    V. Luis-Fuentes  R. Stepien 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(6):1142-1150

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Acute Effect of Pimobendan and Furosemide on the Circulating Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Healthy Dogs     

M.B. Sayer  C.E. Atkins  Y. Fujii  A.K. Adams  T.C. DeFrancesco  B.W. Keene 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(5):1003-1006

Background: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in states of decreased cardiac output and by certain cardiovascular therapeutic agents, such as loop diuretics and vasodilators.
Hypothesis: Short-term treatment with the inodilator, pimobendan, will not activate the circulating RAAS because its vasodilatory action will be offset by its positive inotropic property, thereby ameliorating RAAS stimulation at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Furthermore, pimobendan will suppress RAAS activation produced by furosemide.
Animals: Nine healthy laboratory dogs were used in this study.
Methods: Experimental, cross-over study. Dogs were administered pimobendan (0.5 mg/kg q12h) for 4 days followed by furosemide (2 mg/kg q12h) and then, after a wash-out period, a combination of the drugs. Aldosterone : creatinine (A : Cr) was measured at the end of each treatment cycle.
Results: There was no significant increase in the average urinary A : Cr with the administration of pimobendan (control urinary A : Cr = 0.46, standard deviation (SD) 0.33; pimobendan A : Cr = 0.48, SD 0.28). There was a significant increase in the average urinary A : Cr after administration of furosemide (urinary A : Cr = 1.3, SD 0.70) and with the combination of furosemide and pimobendan (urinary A : Cr = 2.9, SD 1.6).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Short-term administration of high-dose pimobendan, does not activate the RAAS in healthy dogs. Pimobendan did not prevent RAAS activation associated with furosemide therapy. These results in healthy dogs suggest that furosemide therapy, with or without pimobendan, should be accompanied by RAAS suppressive therapy.  相似文献   

Molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from horses in Ireland     

Tazumi A  Maeda Y  Buckley T  Millar B  Goldsmith C  Dooley J  Elborn J  Matsuda M  Moore J 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(7):456-459

Clinical isolates (n = 63) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from various sites in 63 horses were compared using ERIC2 RAPD PCR to determine their genetic relatedness. Resulting banding patterns (n = 24 genotypes) showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity amongst all isolates examined, indicating a relative non-clonal relationship between isolates from these patients, employing this genotyping technique. This study characterised 63 clinical isolates into 24 distinct genotypes, with the largest cluster (genotype E) accounting for 10/63 (15.9%) of the isolates. ERIC2 RAPD PCR proved to be a highly discriminatory molecular typing tool of P. aeruginosa in isolates recovered from horses. With the adoption of several controls to aid reproducibility, this technique may be useful as an alternative to PFGE, particularly in epidemiological investigations of outbreaks where speed may be a significant parameter. This is the first report of clonal heterogeneity amongst P. aeruginosa from horses and demonstrated that ERIC RAPD PCR is a rapid method for the examination of this species in horses, which may be useful in outbreak analysis.  相似文献   

Coil occlusion of residual shunts after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus     

Fujii Y  Keene BW  Mathews KG  Atkins CE  Defrancesco TC  Hardie EM  Wakao Y 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(8):781-785

OBJECTIVE; To describe use of coil embolization to occlude residual flow through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after incomplete surgical ligation. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n=4) with continuous murmur after surgical ligation of PDA. METHODS: After PDA ligation, residual ductal flow through the PDA was visible on color-flow Doppler examination and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter remained increased. Coil embolization by an arterial approach was performed to achieve complete occlusion of the PDA. RESULTS: Embolization coils were delivered without complications and hemodynamically successful occlusion was achieved. Doppler-visible flow resolved in 2 dogs within 3 months after embolization. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter indexed to body weight decreased in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter coil embolization appears to be a safe and minimally invasive procedure for complete occlusion of residual PDA flow after incomplete surgical ligation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transcatheter coil embolization should be considered for correction of hemodynamically significant residual shunts in dogs that have incomplete PDA occlusion after open surgical ligation.  相似文献   

Systemic Arterial Dirofilariasis in Five Dogs     

Johanna R. Frank  Felicia B. Nutter  rew E. Kyles  Clarke E. Atkins  Ranee K. Sellon DVM  Phd 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(3):189-194

Systemic arterial dirofilariasis is an unusual manifestation of heartworm disease of dogs that results from aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis into the peripheral arterial circulation. To expand the clinical characterization of systemic arterial dirofilariasis, 5 dogs evaluated at the North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Common clinical presentations included hindlimb lameness, paresthesia of hindlimbs, and interdigital ischemic necrosis resulting from thromboembolic disease. Visualization of heartworms with angiography or ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. All 5 dogs were treated with an adulticide; 3 dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide sodium and 2 with melarsomine dihydrochloride. Four of the 5 dogs survived the initial treatment period; 1 dog died of severe thromboembolic complications after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. The treatment of systemic arterial dirofilariasis creates a therapeutic challenge because of multiple potential complications resulting from thromboembolic disease.  相似文献   

The role of noncardiac disease in the development and precipitation of heart failure     

C E Atkins 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1991,21(5):1035-1080

The varying roles of a widely diverse group of noncardiac disorders on the heart, particularly their ability to induce heart failure, are explored. A general overview of the cardiac effects of volume and pressure overloading is followed by specific discussions of the roles of vascular, endocrine and metabolic, renal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, hematologic, and other miscellaneous disorders (heat stroke, sepsis, immune-mediated disease, obesity, malnutrition, and pregnancy) in producing cardiac dysfunction and failure in companion animals. Pathogenetic and pathophysiologic mechanisms are emphasized.  相似文献   

Myocardial L-carnitine deficiency in a family of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy     

B W Keene  D P Panciera  C E Atkins  V Regitz  M J Schmidt  A L Shug 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(4):647-650

Dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of dogs was found to be associated with decreased myocardial L-carnitine concentrations, when compared with those in control dogs. In 2 affected dogs, treatment with high doses of L-carnitine was associated with increased myocardial L-carnitine concentration and greatly improved health and myocardial function. Withdrawal of L-carnitine supplementation from these dogs resulted in development of myocardial dysfunction and clinical signs of dilated cardiomyopathy.  相似文献   

Molecular biology. Translation goes global     

Weiss RB  Atkins JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6062):1509-1510

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Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with bacterial 16s primers to blood culture to identify bacteremia in dogs with suspected bacterial endocarditis     

Meurs KM  Heaney AM  Atkins CE  DeFrancesco TC  Fox PR  Keene BW  Kellihan HB  Miller MW  Oyama MA  Oaks JL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(4):959-962

Background: Identification of the bacterial organism in dogs with endocarditis is challenging. Human studies have reported the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and identify bacterial nucleic acid from infected valvular tissue and blood. Hypothesis/Objectives: We hypothesized that PCR using primers designed to amplify the bacterial 16s gene would identify circulating bacteria in dogs with suspected bacterial endocarditis more consistently than standard blood culture techniques. Animals: Eighteen dogs with suspected bacterial endocarditis based upon clinical and echocardiographic findings. Fifteen clinically normal dogs served as negative controls. Methods: Prospective study of dogs evaluated for suspect endocarditis at 6 veterinary hospitals. A blood sample was drawn from all dogs and evaluated with both a single‐sample PCR and standard 3‐sample blood culture techniques. Results: Blood culture identified noncontaminant bacteria in 6/18 study animals (33%) and 1 control dog; PCR identified noncontaminant bacteria in 7/18 study animals (39%). There were no study animals in which the 2 tests identified different bacteria (κ= 1.0). However, bacteria were identified by both techniques in only 2/18 study animals. When results from both PCR and blood culture were considered together, a noncontaminant bacterial organism was identified in 11/18 study animals (61%). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The results of this study suggest that although single sample PCR with 16s primers was not more sensitive than blood culture for detection of bacteremia in dogs with suspect endocarditis, performing both techniques simultaneously did increase the likelihood of identification of bacteria in blood.  相似文献   

Multicenter evaluation of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) as a biochemical screening test for asymptomatic (occult) cardiomyopathy in cats     

Fox PR  Rush JE  Reynolds CA  Defrancesco TC  Keene BW  Atkins CE  Gordon SG  Schober KE  Bonagura JD  Stepien RL  Kellihan HB  Macdonald KA  Lehmkuhl LB  Nguyenba TP  Sydney Moise N  Lefbom BK  Hogan DF  Oyama MA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(5):1010-1016

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